U.S. Military and Space Force Strengthen Alliance with Japan

New Space Forces Unit Enhances Cooperation Against Emerging Space Threats

A Strategic Military Presence

The United States maintains a robust military presence in Japan, reflecting the two nations’ enduring alliance. As of September 2022, 53,973 active-duty U.S. personnel were stationed in Japan across 120 military facilities. Most of these bases are located on Honshu, Kyushu, and Okinawa, with Okinawa hosting about 70% of them. This high concentration underscores its nickname, the “Keystone of the Pacific.”

In July 2022, the Pentagon announced an upgrade of U.S. Forces Japan (USFJ) to a “joint operational headquarters,” strengthening its strategic framework. The continued presence and integration of U.S. forces highlight the region’s importance for both defense and deterrence.

A New Era in Space Collaboration

On Wednesday, the U.S. Space Force launched its first operational unit in Japan, marking a milestone in the alliance. Known as U.S. Space Forces Japan, the unit is stationed at Yokota Air Base in Tokyo with a staff of ten Guardians. It operates as a field component under U.S. Space Forces Indo-Pacific and supports the U.S. Forces Japan command.

This development aligns with Japan’s growing focus on space security. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force’s Space Operations Group will work closely with U.S. counterparts, improving coordination in addressing space-based threats. Brig. Gen. Anthony Mastalir emphasized the unit’s role in bolstering national security and enhancing deterrence.

Addressing Regional Challenges

During the launch ceremony, U.S. Forces Japan chief Lt. Gen. Stephen Jost highlighted the increasing threats from nations like China, Russia, and North Korea. These adversaries are believed to be developing technologies capable of targeting satellites, which are critical for intelligence and missile defense.

Jost described the activation as a pivotal moment, signaling a stronger U.S.-Japan partnership in space. “We will deepen our leadership and partnership in the space domain,” Jost stated. The unit’s goals include improving satellite communications, intelligence, and missile defense capabilities.

Japan’s Expanding Role in Space

Japan is also advancing its space initiatives. Tokyo plans to rename its air force to the Japan Air and Space Self-Defense Force (JASSDF) and launch its first space domain awareness (SDA) satellite by 2026. Recent satellite launches, including the military communications satellite Kirameki 3, demonstrate Japan’s commitment to space security.

A year ago, Japan joined the Combined Space Operations initiative, a partnership with nations like the U.S. and the U.K., to enhance global space cooperation. These efforts underscore Japan’s transition from peaceful exploration to addressing military challenges in space.

The U.S.-Japan alliance is entering a new phase, with space security becoming a central focus. The establishment of U.S. Space Forces Japan, alongside Japan’s growing investment in space defense, reflects a united front against emerging threats. As both nations deepen their collaboration, the Indo-Pacific region will remain a cornerstone of global security.